Machine or apparatus for the automatic justification of lines of type.



E. A. ADOOGK. MACHINE 0R APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC J USTIFIGATION 0FLINES OF TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910.

Patnted N0v.14,1911.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

B. A. 1.1100011. MACHINE 0R APPARATUS FOR THE-AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION 0FLINES OF TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.12, 1910.

Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

'EOLUMBIA PLANDGRAPH (IO-.WASHINGTDN. D. c.

. E. A. 111100011. MACHINE 0B APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC J USTIFIGATION0F LINES OF TYPE.

' APPLICATION FILED 11011.12, 1910.

1,008,936, Patented N0v.14, 1911.

E. A. ADGOGKi MACHINE OR-APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIG JUSTIFICATION OFLINES or TYPE.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910.

1,008,936. Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

15 SEEBT8SHEET 4.

%M: E 1 1 i I a! 44% MW B. A. 1111110011.. MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR THEAUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION OP LINES OF TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910.

1,008,936. Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

15 $HEBTSSEEET 5.

' E. A. ADGOGK.

MACHINE 0R APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION 0F LINES OF TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910.

1,008,936. Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 6- "Way-70;"* 1 3 1 E. A. ADGOGK.

MACHINE 0R APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFIOATION 0F LINES OF TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED 11017.12, 1910.

1,008,936, 7 Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH CO.,WASHINGTDN, D. c.

E. A. ADGOCK. MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION OFLINES OF TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910v 1,008,936. Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

15 SHEBTS-SHEET 8.

COLUMBIA PLANOOIIAPH 60., WASHINGTON, D. c.

E. A. ADGOOK. MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION OFLINES OF TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910.

' Patented Nov. 14,1911.

15 BEEETSBHEET 9..

COLUMBIA PMNOGRAPH CO SHINGTON D c E. A. ADGOCK.

MAGHINE 0R APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION 0F LINES OF TYPE.

AIBPLIOATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910.

Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

S a i CDLUMDM PLANOGRAPH CD.,WASHINGTDN, D. c.

E. A. ADGOCK.

MACHINE 0B. APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION 0F LINES OF TYPE.

I APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910. 1,008,936. Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 11.

E. A ADCOC'K. MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION OFLINES OF TYPE. I

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910.

1,008,936. Patented Nov. 14,1911.

15 SHEETS-SHEBT 12.

/ Z80 Willy/Ag;

g COLUMBIA PLANDGRAPH c0" WASHINGTON. D. c.

E. A. ADCOOK. MACHINE 0R APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION OFLINES OF TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910.

Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

16 SHEETS-SHEET 13.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH (20., WASHINGTON. D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDW'ARD AUGUSTUS ADCOCK, F READING, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND THEPULSOMETER ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED, OF READING, ENGLAND.

MACHINE 0R APPARATUS FOR THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION 0F LINES OF TYPE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD AUeUs'rUs AnoooK, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain and Ireland, residing at Reading, in the county of Berks,England, have invented Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for theAutomatic J ustification of Lines of Type, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to the automatic removal of spaces of onethickness from, and the insertion of spaces of greater thickness in, anunderset line of type until such line is expanded to the requiredjustified length.

The primary object of the invention is to provide an improved machine orapparatus in which the ordinary spaces of commerce can be utilized inlieu of sets of differently nicked spaces as hitherto proposed.

Another object of the invention is to enable space ejecting mechanismsto be set in operation with the aid of a number of identical gap finderswhereby the construction of the machine or apparatus is simplified. I

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved form ofexpansible holder for the line of type which with a special arrangementof feed mechanism enables the time occupied in dealing with lines oftype of different lengths to be varied directly with such length, otherthings being equal.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in thevarious details and combinations of parts hereinafter described andillustrated.

In the accompanying illustrative drawings, Figure 1 is a frontelevation, Fig. 2 a rear elevation, Fig. 3 a plan, Fig. 4 a horizontalsection on the line A A of Fig. 2, and Figs. 5 and 6 end viewsrespectively of Figs. 2 and 1 showing one construction of an expansibletype holder suitable for use in a type justifying machine, according tothe invention, Figs. 1, 2, 5 and 6 also showing a guideway in which thesaid carrier works. Fig. 7 isa front elevation, Fig. 8 a plan and Figs.9 and 10 left and right hand end views showing one construction ofcomplete type justifying machine. Fig. 11 is a cross sectioncorresponding to the line B B of Fig. 7 showing more particularly twosets of space changing mechanism. Figs. 12, 13

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 12, 1910.

Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

Serial No. 592,039.

and 14 are respectively front, end and rear views showing, to a largerscale than Figs. 7 to 11, the construction of space changing mechanism.Fig. 15 is a similar view to Fig. 13 but showing some parts of themechanism not shown in that figure. Figs. 16 and 17 are plan views ofpart of the space changing mechanism with the cover removed and withsome of the parts in the two figures in difierent positions. Figs. 18and 19 are longitudinal sections on the line C C and D 1) respectivelyof Fig. 13. Figs. 20 and 21 are similar views to Figs. 18 and 19respectively but showing some of the parts in differentpositions. Fig.22 is a part vertical section on theline E E of Fig. 9; Figs. 23 and 24are cross sections on the line F F and G G respectively of Fig. 22, andFig. 25 is a sec tional plan on the-line H H of Fig. 23. Fig. 26 is anend view of a trough carrier with toothed wheels at the end thereof.Fig. 27 is a cross section on the line I I of Fig. 23. Fig. 28 is a partcross section corresponding to the line K K of Fig. 8. Fig. 29 is asectional plan showing a reversing clutch and cam mechanismcorresponding to the upper feed screw and upper trough changingmechanism in Fig. 7. Figs. 30 and 31 are face views of the cam shown inFig. 29 with the parts in different relative positions in the twofigures and Fig. 32 is a section on the line M M of Fig. 30. Fig. 33 isa vertical section on the line N N of Fig. 34, Fig. 34 is an endelevation partly in section and Fig. 35 is a plan partly in sectiontaken in different planes, showing a main clutch and other mechanism,Fig. 3 6 shows a part of the main clutch as seen from the inner sidethereof. Fig. 37 is a similar view to Fig. 34, and Fig. 38 is a plan,showing some of the parts in different positions to those shown in Fig.34. In most of the figures parts of the mechanism are removed to showother parts more clearly.

The type holder shown in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive comprises a pair of jaws1 and 2 adapted to hold a line of type 3 between them and one of which,viz 1, is fixed to the body of the holder while the other, viz 2, iscapable of being moved endwise rela= tively to the first, against theaction of a spring, by the expansion of the line of type held betweenthem.

The body of the holder comprises two frame-like parts 4 and 5 of which 4is adapted to slide in 5 so that the length of the holder can beadjusted to suit any desired length of line of type to be justified, thetwo parts being fixed together by a screw 6 carried by the part 5 andentering one or other of a series of holes 7 in the part 4, the part ,5having a leg 8, which, like the jaws 1 and 2 and the line of type 3between them, is adapted to slide in a guide 9. The jaw 2 is carried bya bifurcated plate 10 which is arranged to slide longitudinally on thepart 5 and is fixed by screws 11 to a rod 12. This rod works endwise inbearings 13 and 14 on the part 5 and is fixed by a screw 11* to abifurcated plate 15 arranged to slide on the part 4. Surrounding the rod12 between the bearing 14 and the plate 15 is a coiled spring 16 thatnormally acts to hold the jaw plate 10 against the bearing 14, thedistance between the jaws 1 and 2 corresponding to that of a line oftype of less length than the required justified length. Mounted upon theholder is a device (hereinafter called for brevity and distinction a cutout device), comprising two frames 17 and 18 automatically adjustable inlength with the holder. The frame 17 is mounted at its ends 17, 17 toturn upon a rod 19 mounted in'bosses 20 and 21 ,on the parts 4 and 5respectively of the holder, the said rod being fixed to the boss 20 by apin 22, and the frame being prevented from moving endwise on the rod bya screw 23. The frame 18 is mounted at one end 18 to turn on the rod 19and at its other end 18 to turn upon the plain end 24 of a screw 24which is screwed into a split boss 5 on the part 5 of the holder.Endwise movementof the frame 18 relative to the part 5 of the holder isprevented by a pin 25 fixed in the end 18 thereof and extending across agroove 26 in the end 24 of the screw 24. The arrangement is such thatthe frames 17, 18 slide one over the other with adjust-- ment of theholder, while by turning the screw 24, the frame 18 can be independentlyadjusted endwise if desired, the screw being afterward fixed in thesplit boss 5 by a set screw 27. The'plate 10 carries a stop orprojection 28 which, until the line of type is justified, preventsmovement of the frames 17 and 18 from the full line position into thedotted line position Fig. 6. 29 is a coiled spring fixed at one end to apin 30 on the part 4 of the holder and at the other end to a pin 31 onthe frame 17, which is thereby pressed against the frame 18 which isconsequently pressed against the projection 28, the two frames 17 and 18then occupying the inclined position shown in full lines in Figs. 5 and6. The frame 18 is fitted with a steel wearing piece 18 so that when theprojection 28 is brought by gradual endwise movement of the plate 10,during the justification of the line of type 3, to beyond the outsideend edge of the wearing piece 18, (Fig. 3) the combined frames 17 and 18will, under the action of the spring 29, be caused to assume the reverseinclined position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 6 and thereby preventthe operation of the space changing mechanism during the travel, orfurther travel, of the line of type through the space changingmechanism, as will be hereinafter described,

32 is a thin steel strip fixed to the bottom of the bifurcated part 5 ofthe holder to prevent any of the type 3 being pushed into the space inthe said part not occupied by the part 4 of the holder the bottom ofwhich may be faced with a steel strip 33. 2 is an extension of the leg 2arranged to slide in a recess 8 in the leg 8 and serve as an abutment toprevent a slide, hereinafter described, passing between the legs 2 and8. This type holder it is to be understood is manually applied to andremoved from the machine.

The space changing mechanism comprises, as shown in Figs. 12 to 21inclusive, a stationary support 36 formed with a guideway 37 (Figs. 15,16 and 17) through which the line of type 3 can be moved endwise from anadjacent trough 38 by the type holder hereinbefore described, under theaction for example of a pusher 39 on a nut 40 (Fig. 7) traversed by arotary feed screw 41. Upon the support 36 is mounted a slide 42 in theform of a box and hereinafter called for distinction the main slide,which is arranged to be moved in a longitudinal direction, to a limitedextent, upon the support 36 against the action of a spring 43 connectedto pins 44 and 45 on the support 36 and main slide 42 respectively andto thereby operate, as through a fork 46 (Figs. 14 and 15), means, suchas a lever 47 pivoted at 48, for bringing into action a clutch devicefor setting in operation cam mechanism as and for a purpose hereinafterdescribed. WVithin the main slide 42 is a transversely movable slide 49,having an inclined surface 50, arranged to normally extend across thepath of a line of type 3 traveling through the guideway 37 (Fig. 16) andto be moved backward, against the action of a spring 51, by the frontend of a traveling typpe holder with line of type 3 abut-ting against itand to be held thereby in the backward position (Fig. 17) while the lineof type is passing it.

Within the main slide 42 is also mounted a transversely arranged movabletongue piece 52 (hereinafter called a gap finder) that is arranged to bepressed outward toward the line of type 3, as for example through alever 53, plunger 54 and spring 55,- when the transverse slide 49 ispressed backward by the line of type, and to shoot forward into the gap56 (Figs. 1, 16 and 17) formed above the first space 57 in the line oftype and between adjacent type, when such gap comes opposite to it andit is desired to replace the said space by another of greater thickness.The lever 53 is pivoted at 58 and is engaged with the slide 49 andplunger 54 as shown. The gap finder 52 is provided with an extension 59which projects upward through the top of the main slide 42 and wherebythe said gap finder can be moved into and held in the inoperativeposition by the cut out device 17 and 18 on the type holder (Figs. 1 to6) when the line of type therein is justified and the said out outdevice is thereby allowed to move into the dotted position shown in Fig.6. The gap finder 52 is also provided with a horizontal rod 60 carryinga lateral arm 61 by which also it can be moved backward, as by a leverarm 62 and a cam, as hereinafter described, at the end of each spacechanging operation to allow of the line of type 3 proceeding. The rod 60is recessed at opposite sides to receive the adjacent forked end of thelever 53 which acts upon the plunger 54 through which the rod 60 canslide. The lever 53 also acts upon the rod 60 to draw the gap finder 52out of the pathway of the line of type, by the action of the forwardmovement of the transverse slide 49, when the line of type has passed.At one side of the guideway 37 is an aperture 66 (Fig. 14) through whichworks a horizontal space ejector 67 (Figs. 13 and 21) which is made of athickness equal to that of the thickest space to be inserted. At theopposite side of the guideway 37 may be arranged in a block 68 fixed tothe support 36 a vertical space channel 69 (Figs. 13, 18 and 20) intowhich the ejected space 57 is moved. In the bottom of the guideway 37,in the same plane as the said aperture 66 and space channel69, is anaperture 70 (Figs. 19 and 21) through which a thicker space 57 a can beforced from below by a space lifter 71 to replace the space 57 that isbeing ejected. Opposite the lower end portion of the vertical spacechannel 69, at one side thereof, is a second space ejector 73 (Figs. 18and 20) and at the opposite side of the said channel is a space trough74 into which the lowermost space is pushed by the space ejector 73. Thespace lifter 71 is in the form of a small steel pusher carried by avertically movable carrier 75 mounted to slide in a cover 76 on theblock 68. The carrier 75 is provided with a pin 77 (Figs. 12 and 13)arranged to work in a vertical slot in the cover 76. Pivoted to theupper end of the carrier 75 is a spring catch 78 adapted, when lifted,to enter a slot 79 in one side of the vertical space channel 69 and toextend above the top of the space 57 last ejected from the line of type(Fig. 20), and on its next downward movement to move such space downwardand then become disengaged therefrom (Fig. 18) so asto leave room forthe next space 57 to be ejected from the line of type 3. Connected tothe vertically movable carrier 75 through a transverse plate 80 is avertical plate 81 (Figs. 12 and 13) formed with an upwardly extendingcam slot 82. Into this slot extends a pin 83 carried by a lever arm84-fixed to a spindle 85 to which the space ejector 73 is fixed. Theslot 82 is so shaped, as shown, at its lower end that when the carrier75 nearly reaches the end of its upward movement, it will cause thespace ejector 73, through the pin 83, lever arm 84 and spindle 85, topush the lowermost space 57 from the vertical space channel 69 into theadjacent trough 74 against the resistance of a metal block or follower86 therein (Figs. 18 and 20), and at the commencement of the nextdownward movement will return the space ejector 73 to its inoperativeposition (Fig. 18) preparatory to the spring catch 78 again coming intoaction to cause the descent of the spaces 57 in the vertical channel 69.Vertically below the aperture 7 0 in the floor of the guideway 37 in thesupport 36 is a vertical space channel 88 through which the thickerspaces 57 are lifted by the space lifter 71 from a trough 89 along whichthe thicker spaces are pushed by a weighted block or follower 90 (Figs.19 and 21).

57 are spring presses to keep the spaces 57 and 57 in position in thechannels.

Extending through the support 36 is a continuously running drivingspindle 91 to which is fixed a ratchet toothed wheel 92, and on which isfreely mounted a set of cams 93, 94, 95, and 96. Adjacent to the toothedwheel 92 and the set of cams is the clutch device hereinbefore referredto, that is under the control of the main slide 42. The clutch devicecomprises a spring pawl 98 pivoted at 99 to the cam 96 and formed with atail piece 100 that is normally held by a catch or stop 101 on the lowerend of the lever 47 the other end of which is engaged by the fork 46.The stop 101 may be directly carried by a plate 102 that can be adjustedon the lever 47 and fixed by a screw 103. The arrangement is such thatwhen the main slide 42 is in its normal position, the catch 101 on thelever 47 is in a position to hold the pawl 98 clear of the toothed wheel92 and disconnect the set of cams 93, 94, and 96 from the spindle 91,and when the main slide 42 is moved forward to a limited extent by theline of type 3 acting through the gap finder 52 that has entered a gapabove a space 57 in the line of type 3, the lever catch 101 will bewithdrawn from the pawl 98 and the latter allowed to move under theaction of its spring, into engagement with the toothed wheel 92 andconnect the cams to the driving spindle 91. The cam 93 is so formed thatimmediately upon the set of cams being set in operation, it will act tostop the motion of the type holder (Figs. 1 to 6). For this purpose itmay for example be formed with a recess 104 (Fig. 15) in which normallyrests a lateral arm 105 (Fig. 11) fixed to one end of an endwise movablerod 106 (Fig. 7) the other end of which is provided with an arm 107 thatis adapted when the rod 106 is moved to the right by the action of thecam 93 on the arm'105, to engage laterally against and move a clutchlever 108 (Fig. 7). This movement of the clutch lever 108 moves theendwise movable driving member 109 out of engagement with the member 110of a reversing clutch 109, 110 and 111 mounted upon the driving spindle91 and thereby disconnects the feed screw 41 from the driving spindle 91and brings the type holder (Figs. 1 to 6) and the line of type thereinto rest with the first space 57 in the line of type in the plane of thespace ejector 67 the space lifter 71 and the vertical type channels 69and 88. The arm 105 is kept pressed against the face of the cam 93, by aspring 112 acting against a collar 113 on the rod 106 (Fig. 7).

, The cam 94 is adapted to operate the bell be moved forward by themoving crank lever 62 (Fig. 15) which is pivoted at 114 and providedwith an antifriction roller 115. The cam 95 is arranged to operate abell crank lever 116 (Fig. 13) which is pivoted at 117 and has its upperend forked and engaging a block 118 journaled on a pin 119 fixed to thespace ejector 67 the cam acting on the lever through an antifrictionroller 120 against the action of a spring 121. The cam 96 acts throughan antifriction roller 122 against a lever 123 pivoted at 124 andengaging a block 125 j ournaled on the pin 77 fixed to the verticalmovable carrier The operation of the space changing mechanism is asfollows :-Assuming a line of type 3 held by the type holder to be ofless than the required length and to be placed in a trough 38 (Figs. 16and 17) in line with the guideway 37 in the stationary carrier 36, thenupon setting the feed screw 41 in operation, through gearing ashereinafter described, by engaging the clutch member 109 with the member110 the type holder and line of type will be fed forward through thetrough and into the guideway. Here the forward end of the line of type 3will abut against and force back the transverse slide 49 and force thegap finder 52 outward against the moving line of type until the gap 56above the first space 57 in the line comes opposite to it, the extension2 of the leg 2 preventing the slide 49 passing between the legs 2 and 8at any time. The gap finder will then spring forward into the gap and itand the main slide 42 w1ll line of type so as to cause the fork 46(Figs. 14 and 15) to operate the lever 47 to withdraw the catch 101 andrelease the clutch pawl 98 and enable the latter to connect the set ofcams 93 to 96 to the corresponding driving spindle 91. The cam 93 willthen operate the clutch member 109 to disconnect the feed screw 41 fromits driving shaft, as hereinbefore described, and arrest the line oftype 3 with the said first space 57 in the plane of the space ejector67, the space lifter 71 and the vertical space channels 69 and 70, ashereinbefore described. The cam 95 will then actuate the lever 116 andspace ejector 67 to force the space 57 from the line into the verticalspace channel 69 the space ejector then remaining at rest for a shorttime owing to the passage of a concentric part of the cam 95 past theroller 120.

While the space ejector is at rest the cam 96 will actuate the lever 123and carrier 75 with space lifter 71 to raise a thicker space 57 from thetrough 89 below and cause it to enter the lower end of the gap left bythe ejected space 57 (see Fig. 21) and then come to, and remain at restowing to a concentric part of the cam 96 then moving past the roller 122on the lever 123, until after the lever 116 has been released by the cam95 and the space ejector 67 has been returned to its original positionby the spring 121 (Fig. 13). The cam 96 will then cause the lever 123with carrier 75 and space lifter 71 to resume its rising motion to fullyinsert the thicker space 57 in the line of type 3 and to raise thespring catch 78 and operate the space ejector 7 3 through the cam 82 inthe plate 81, pin 83, arm 84 and spindle 85 (Figs. 12 and 13). Afterthis the carrier 75 with space lifter 71 will descend under the actionof a spring 126, thereby causing the space ejector 73 to return to itsnormal position, and the spring catch 78 to force the ejected space 57down the space channel 69 (Fig. 18), the spring catch being finallywithdrawn from this channel by reason of a lateral pin 128 thereonacting against a stationary inclined plane 129 fixed to the block 68.During or upon the completion of the last mentioned movement of thecarrier 75 with attached parts, the cam 94 will come into operation toactuate the lever 62 and withdraw the gap finder 52 from the line oftype and enable the main slide 42 to immediately return to its initialposition under the action of its spring 43 and move the catch lever 47back into a position to cause the catch 101 thereon to disengage thepawl 98 from the toothed driving wheel 92 and thereby put the cammechanism out of operation after the same has made one completerevolution. Just before the opening of the pawl clutch the cam 93 comesinto a position to permit the arm 105 on the rod 106 to reenter therecess 104 in the cam face and enable the said rod to be moved back byits spring 112 so as to release the clutch lever 108 and allow it, underthe action of a spring 130, to move the clutch member 109 into drivingcontact with the clutch member 110 to again connect the feed screw 41 toits driving shaft 91 and cause the line of type 3 to again travelforward. The cam 94 acts to release the lever 62 and the gap finder 52after the box 42 has been allowed to return to its initial position andbefore the completion of the revolution of the cam. If the line of typeis not yet justified, upon the next space gap therein coming oppositethe gap finder, the latter will spring into it and the above describedoperations will be repeated. In this way the line of type will begradually lengthened and the movable jaw 2 of the type holder (Figs. 1to 6) pressed back. Upon the insertion of the space that finallyjustifies the line of type, the said movable aw 2 will be moved so faras to cause the stop 28 to release the cut out device 17-18 and permitthis device to assume the dotted position shown in Fig. 6 in which itwill act against and move back the upward extension 59 of the gap finder52 (Figs. 16 and 17) and hold back the gap finder so as to permit theremainder of the line of type 3 to be continuously fed through the spacechanging mechanism without the same being further operated,- after whichthe transverse slide 49 will resume its initial position across theguideway 37 ready to be again operated by another line of type.

It has been found in practice that when using four spaces that is to sayan original and three substitute sets differing in thickness by theamount hereinbefore mentioned, three sets of space changing mechanismsuch as described are suflicient for the justification of practicallyall lines of type to be dealt with. These sets of mechanism can bearranged in various ways and a line of type passed through each of themin succession, the intention being to commence justification with spacesthat are but little thicker than the original spaces, and to continuethe ustification, if necessary, by replacing the substitute spaces withothers of still greater thickness and so on. It is however foundadvantageous to move the line of type to be justified through theguideway of the first space changing mechanism in one direction from afixed trough into a movable trough, to then move the latter trough withthe line of type into line with the guideway in the second spacechanging mechanism and then to move the line of type through suchguideway in the opposite direction into a second movable trough which,with the line of type, is then moved into line with the guideway in thethird space changing mechanism through which the line of type is movedin the first direction into a fixed type galley, the whole of theseoperations being effected automatically. The arrangement of the variousparts and the construction of the trough changing mechanism andoperating means to enable a line of type to lfile thus dealt with can bevariously modi- In the drawings, the frame of the machine comprises abase plate 131 (Figs. 7 to 11) with two transversely arranged end plates132 and 133 and an intermediate plate 134, the several plates beingsecurely connected together as by a longitudinal member 135. Upon theintermediate plate 134 are mounted, at different levels, three sets ofspace changing mechanism at A, B and O constructed and operating ashereinbefore described, the lowest set at A being arranged in advance ofthe intermediate set at B which is arranged in advance of the upper setat C (Fig. 11). Mounted in bearings in the plates are the three drivingspindles 91 with toothed wheels 92 for operating the cam mechanism ofthe space changing mechanism as hereinbefore described, these spindlesbeing driven by chains 136, from a main driving shaft 138 which ismounted in bearings in the plates 133 and 134. In line with the guidewayin the lower space changing mechanism at A and on the right hand sidethereof, is a fixed longitudinally arranged troughway 38 (Fig. 7) intowhich types are continuously fed from a type setting machine of anysuitable kind. Between the plates 132 and 134 are two longitudinallyarranged type troiighs 139 and 140 fixed to a pair of carriers 141(Figs. 7 and 22 to 25) mounted on a pair of endless chains 142 that passover sprocket wheels 143 fixed upon a driving spindle 144 (hereinaftercalled for distinction the trough changing spindle) j ournaled in thetwo plates 132 and 134, and also around a pair of sprocket wheels 145mounted to turn upon a lower spindle or preferably upon a pair ofco-axial pins 146 (Figs. 24 and 27) fixed to the said plates, the twotroughs being spaced apart and so arranged on the chains, as shown, thatone can be placed in line with the guideway 37 in the lower spacechanging mechanism at A and the other in line with the guideway 37 inthe intermediate space changing mech anism at B. The two trough carriers141 for each type trough 139 or 140 are jointed to the chains, andloosely mounted in them is a rod 147 to which the lugs 148 on the troughare fixed, one end of each rod 147 extending into a correspondingvertical guide slot 149 in the plate 132. Means are provided to keepeach trough upright during its upward and downward movements with thechains 142 and when passing over and under the spindles 144 and 146. Forthese purposes each trough carrier 141 may have journaled to a pinthereon adjacent to the

